showed that MDW has acceptable sensitivity and specificity and is potentially clinically useful for the early detection of patients with or developing sepsis in the ED. Currently, monocyte distribution width (MDW) is a CE-marked parameter, which can be reported along with complete blood counts (CBCs) from patients presenting to the ED. Neutrophils and monocytes are among the first line to respond to a pathogenic signal generated by the microorganisms. Several studies have suggested that cell population data (CPD) parameters may be potentially useful. A biomarker with higher sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) is mandatory for either early initiation of therapy or early discharge of the patients. Nonetheless, the performance and the clinical significance of these biomarkers were not better than those of PCT. Recently, the biomarkers presepsin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (N/M ratio) have been investigated. PCT is more useful in guiding antimicrobial therapy than in early sepsis screening. The average reported accuracy was about 60 to 80%. Existing biomarkers of sepsis such as C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and lactate tests are ordered only if the clinician has already observed a high index of clinical suspicion of sepsis. Įmergency departments (EDs) have initiated measures to detect sepsis as early as possible, but there still exists the need for a reliable biomarker of sepsis. One of the common causes of sepsis misdiagnosis is the lack of its recognition and contributes to adverse consequences due to delays in definitive antimicrobial treatments. Although the detection and treatment of sepsis are frequently delayed, more rapid administration of sepsis-specific treatments, particularly antibiotics, are associated with improved clinical outcomes, including significantly reduced mortality. There is a significant unmet clinical need for a test for the early detection of patients having or developing sepsis. According to the surviving sepsis campaign, the early identification and management of sepsis remain unchanged. Despite the new Sepsis-3 definition that focuses mainly on patients with the worst outcome, early recognition and diagnosis of sepsis had been an essential part of sepsis treatment. The average mortality due to sepsis is about 30 to 40%. Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.
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